Maternal Age 

Pregnancy below 18 or above 35 increases risks of complications. 

High Blood Pressure 

Can lead to complications like preeclampsia and affect baby’s growth. 

Obesity 

Raises chances of gestational diabetes, hypertension, and delivery complications. 

Diabetes 

Uncontrolled blood sugar increases risk of birth complications and larger baby size. 

Smoking and Alcohol  Use 

Increases risk of miscarriage, premature birth, and developmental issues.